The Hidden Toxins in Your Favorite Candles: What You Need to Know & How to Shop for Sustainable Candles

In the soft glow of candlelight, few of us pause to consider what's actually burning. As research sheds light on the composition of common mass-produced candles, a growing movement towards sustainable candle alternatives is emerging, promising potential benefits for personal well-being and the environment.

Humans have been enjoying the soft flicker of candlelight for more than 5,000 years. Ancient Egyptians soaked reed cores in melted animal waxes, Ancient Romans began using rolled papyrus and melted beeswax or animal wax, known as tallow, and early Chinese candles were crafted using wax from indigenous insects, mixed with seeds on molded paper tubes and finished with a rice paper wick.

The evolution of candle-making reflects broader technological and environmental trends. In the 19th century, paraffin wax, a by-product of petroleum refining, quickly became popular due to its low cost and consistent burning properties. However, as awareness of environmental issues grew in the late 20th century, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional and new sustainable materials.

Today, while we still utilize some of these ancient materials, like beeswax, newer options, such as soy and coconut wax continue to grow in popularity, recognized for their renewable sourcing and clean-burning properties.

Candle production and use vary globally, influenced by cultural practices, available resources, and regulatory environments. In the European Union, the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation sets strict standards for chemical use in consumer products, including candles. This has led to a faster adoption of plant-based waxes in EU countries.

In contrast, the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission regulates candles primarily through labeling requirements and restrictions on certain materials, like banning the sale of candles produced with lead wicks . Countries like Japan have seen a resurgence in traditional wax alternatives, such as sumac wax derived from berries of the wax tree, blending ancient practices with modern sustainability concerns.

These global variations reflect different approaches to balancing tradition, innovation, and environmental consciousness in candle production.

Many conventional candles also use synthetic fragrance oils. While these create pleasant scents, some consumers have raised concerns about potential health effects. However, more research is needed to link synthetic fragrances in candles to specific health issues like asthma, endocrine disruption, and cancer.

Sustainable candles offer a natural alternative that many find appealing. Here's what sets them apart:

Wax Matters: Sustainable candles often use soy wax , derived from soybeans or natural beeswax. Soy wax production is efficient — after oil extraction, soybean remnants can be used in animal feed, minimizing waste. While many sources claim soy wax burns longer than paraffin, actual burn time can vary based on factors like candle size and formulation.

Coconut Wax: Another emerging player in the sustainable candle market is coconut wax. Derived from coconut oil, this wax is gaining popularity for its clean-burning properties and sustainable sourcing. Coconut wax is biodegradable and often produces less soot than traditional paraffin wax. It's also known for its excellent scent throw, meaning it can fill a room with fragrance effectively. Like soy wax, coconut wax is renewable and can be produced without petrochemicals. However, as with any agricultural product, the sustainability of coconut wax depends on responsible farming practices and production methods.

Wick Wisdom: Sustainable candles typically feature wooden wicks or braided slow-burning 100% cotton wicks. Wooden wicks, typically made from pulverized fruit trees, provide a lower flame compared to cotton wicks and are known for helping to release scent evenly and producing minimal soot. As an interesting feature, they produce a soft, crackling sound when burning.

Scent Sense:  Instead of synthetic fragrance oils, sustainable candles often use  essential oils, which may provide aromatherapy benefits.

Environmental Impact: Soy wax is biodegradable and sourced from a renewable resource: soybeans. Soy candles have been found to have a lower carbon footprint compared to paraffin candles, primarily due to the renewable nature of the raw material. However, the overall environmental impact depends on various factors, including farming practices, processing, and transportation. So sustainable candle manufacturers need to ensure the soybeans used to produce their soy wax candles are sustainably grown and harvested.

The environmental impact of candles extends beyond their burning. When comparing soy, coconut, and paraffin candles, several factors come into play:

Raw Material Sourcing: Soy and coconut are renewable resources, while paraffin is a by-product of petroleum refining.

Production: Soy and coconut wax generally require less energy to produce than paraffin.

Burning: Soy and coconut wax candles typically produce less soot and fewer potentially harmful emissions.

End of Life: Soy and coconut wax is biodegradable, unlike paraffin.

However, it's crucial to consider that the overall environmental footprint depends on factors such as farming practices, transportation, and packaging. For instance, intensive soy farming can lead to deforestation and habitat loss if not managed sustainably. This complexity underscores the importance of considering a product's entire lifecycle when assessing its sustainability.

1. Check the wax type: Look for candles made from soy, coconut, beeswax, or other plant-based or natural waxes.

2. Examine the wick: Ensure it's 100% cotton or wood. While lead-core wicks are banned, it's always good to be aware of what you're buying, as lead-core wicks can appear in mass-produced imported candles.

3. Investigate the fragrance: Consider candles scented with essential oils and natural fragrances made without synthetic scents.

4. Consider the container: Some brands offer candles made in reusable or recyclable containers.

5. Read labels carefully: Look for transparency in ingredients and production methods.

While sustainable candles may sometimes be pricier, many consumers find the potential benefits worth considering, especially when giving them as a gift.

The choice between traditional and sustainable candles goes beyond personal preference—it's a decision that impacts both our immediate environment and the world at large. While a single candle may seem insignificant, consumer choices can influence market trends and drive demand for sustainable materials and practices. By opting for candles made from soy, coconut, or beeswax, with natural fragrances and lead-free wicks, we can reduce our exposure to indoor air pollutants and support renewable resources.

This growing interest in sustainable candles reflects a shift toward conscious consumerism and eco-friendly living. As we become more aware of how our choices affect our homes and the environment, exploring sustainable candles offers a way to continue the timeless tradition of candlelight while aligning with our values. Whether you're drawn to the clean burn of soy, the excellent scent throw of coconut wax, or the natural beauty of beeswax, switching to sustainable candles is an illuminating step towards a more mindful and sustainable lifestyle.